TỔNG QUAN VỀ BIẾN CHỨNG CẤY ỐC TAI ĐIỆN TỬ

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Cochlear implantation (CI) is an effective treatment for severe to profound hearing loss, especially in children. However, postoperative complications, ranging from minor to severe, can affect hearing outcomes, quality of life, and sometimes require revision surgery. This review aims to evaluate the incidence, types of complications, risk factors, and compare results in Vietnam with international data.

Methods: A systematic review of studies published between 2000 and 2025 reporting CI complications in Vietnam and internationally. Complications were classified as: facial nerve (VII) injury, taste disturbances, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, hematoma/bleeding, infections, recurrent otitis media, meningitis, electrode displacement/failure, and device extrusion/rejection.

Results: Overall complication rates are low, usually <2% for severe complications such as meningitis or device extrusion. Temporary taste disturbances occur in 3.8–5% of patients. Higher risk is observed in young children, patients with inner ear malformations, history of chronic otitis media, and complex surgical procedures. Most complications are effectively managed if detected early. Complication rates in Vietnam are comparable to international centers.

Conclusion: Postoperative complications after CI are rare but diverse. Prevention through preoperative management of otitis media, vaccination (pneumococcal, Hib, meningococcal), and long-term follow-up is crucial. Data from Vietnam indicate that surgical techniques and postoperative care meet international standards, but continuous monitoring is recommended to minimize risks.