ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, VI KHUẨN HỌC VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM TAI GIỮA MỦ Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN SẢN-NHI TỈNH GIA LAI NĂM 2026

Abstract

Background: No data on bacterial aetiology or treatment outcomes of suppurative otitis media exist for Gia Lai, a highland province with a large ethnic-minority child population.

Objectives: To describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of suppurative otitis media in children and to evaluate treatment outcomes at Gia Lai Provincial Children’s Hospital.

Methods: A prospective descriptive study of 112 children under 16 years with suppurative otitis media and an ear-discharge culture, treated between March and September 2026 and followed for 4 weeks. Factors associated with complete cure were examined by multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Mean age was 4.8 ± 3.9 years; 60.7% belonged to ethnic minorities, 60.7% had received antibiotics before admission and 77.7% had acute disease. Cultures were positive in 73/112 (65.2%); the most frequent isolates were S. pneumoniae (28.8%), S. aureus (16.4%; 10/12 MRSA), P. aeruginosa (15.1%) and M. catarrhalis (13.7%). Resistance to amoxicillin, azithromycin and ceftriaxone was 54.8%, 59.6% and 22.6%. At 4 weeks, 87/112 (77.7%) were completely cured and 4.5% worsened or were referred; 32.1% had complications. Presentation more than 7 days after onset (adjusted OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.51) and coexisting ear-nose-throat disease (adjusted OR 0.15; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.76) were associated with lower odds of complete cure.

Conclusions: Complete cure was achieved in 77.7%. High resistance to oral antibiotics and a high MRSA proportion suggest that empirical regimens should be reviewed. Late presentation and coexisting ear-nose-throat disease were associated with poorer outcomes.