TỔNG QUAN VỀ CÁC PHƯƠNG PHÁP PHẪU THUẬT NANG VÀ RÒ GIÁP LƯỠI: SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract

This scoping review, conducted according to PRISMA-ScR guidance, aimed to (1) describe the characteristics of studies on thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) surgery and (2) summarize the outcomes of the reported surgical techniques. Searches of PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar through December 31, 2025 identified 2,381 records; after removing duplicates and screening titles/abstracts, 62 full texts were assessed and 35 studies (3,872 patients) met the eligibility criteria. Patient age ranged from 4 days to 59 years; a painless midline neck mass was the most common presenting symptom; cysts were most often located below or adjacent to the hyoid bone, with a mean size of 1-3 cm. The Sistrunk procedure was used in 28/35 studies (80.0%; 3,667 patients), with a mean operative time of about 50 minutes, wound infection as the main complication (1.4-14.7%), and a recurrence rate of 0-11.4%. Transoral endoscopic surgery (7 studies, 199 patients) was associated with a shorter hospital stay (3.1-7 days) and no reported recurrence, while simple cyst excision without hyoid resection had the highest recurrence rate (2.2-25%). The Sistrunk procedure remains the standard of care given the largest body of supporting evidence, while minimally invasive techniques such as endoscopic and robotic surgery show promising early results that warrant confirmation through prospective, multicenter studies.