TẦM SOÁT KHIẾM THÍNH Ở TRẺ EM DƯỚI 1 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN SẢN NHI – TỈNH GIA LAI

Abstract

Background: Hearing loss, particularly congenital hearing loss, plays an important role in a child’s physical, psychological, and cognitive development, as well as in overall development later in life. Therefore, hearing screening immediately after birth and in infants under one year of age is essential. Using a simple and convenient handheld otoacoustic emission device, we conducted the study entitled “Hearing Impairment Screening in Infants Under One Year of Age Using Otoacoustic Emissions at the Maternity and Pediatric Hospital of Gia Lai Province.” Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted according to a standardized protocol. Hearing screening was performed in infants under one year of age using a handheld otoacoustic emission device, which provided rapid results classified as “Pass” or “Refer.” The study was conducted at the Maternity and Pediatric Hospital from October 28, 2025 to June 2, 2026. Results: From October 28, 2025 to June 2, 2026, the study was conducted on 560 cases. Of these, 29 cases were classified as Refer on the first screening; 6/29 cases remained Refer on the second screening; and 1/29 case remained Refer on the third screening. Among the 29 cases with a first-screening Refer result, the high-risk factors were as follows: preterm birth before 29 weeks of gestation in 10/29 cases (34.48%); cesarean delivery in 5/29 cases (17.24%); low birth weight below 2.5 kg in 4/29 cases (13.79%); pneumonia–bronchitis in 4/29 cases (13.79%); respiratory failure in 1/29 case (3.44%); craniofacial anomaly in 1/29 case (3.44%); and no identifiable risk factor in 4/29 cases (13.79%). Discussion: The study findings were clarified and relatively compared with results reported by other authors in Vietnam and internationally. Conclusion: Hearing impairment screening in newborns and infants under one year of age plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of children with hearing loss. Early detection is a key factor in establishing the diagnosis and determining the most appropriate management strategy for each individual child with hearing loss. Keywords: Hearing loss; otoacoustic emission; newborn hearing screening.