CLINICAL FEATURES AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF EPISTAXIS AT THAI NGUYEN CENTRAL HOSPITAL
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Epistaxis is a common emergency in the field of Otolaryngology, occurring across all age groups and caused by various factors. Objective: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, associated factors, and evaluate treatment outcomes at Thai Nguyen Central Hospital. Methods and subjects: A prospective descriptive study with intervention was conducted from September 2024 to September 2025 on 98 inpatients diagnosed with epistaxis. Results: Males accounted for 70.4%, while females made up 29.6%. The mean age was 40,91 ± 24,98 years. The unknown etiology represented 62.2%, followed by cardiovascular diseases (15,3%), trauma (9,2%), and rhinosinusitis (4,1%). Local treatment methods included nasal packing with medication (24,5%), mechanical nasal packing (57,1%), and endoscopic electrocautery (2,0%). Regarding systemic management, 6,1% of patients with epistaxis required blood transfusion, while 89,8% received hemostatic agents and 86,7% were administered systemic antibiotics. Treatment addressing underlying causes was applied in 34.7% of cases. Recurrent epistaxis occurred in 28,6% of patients during hospitalization. In recurrent cases, hemostasis was achieved using nasal medication packing (18.5%), mechanical nasal packing (51.9%), endoscopic electrocautery (22.2%), endovascular embolization (7.4%), or referral to higher-level hospitals (3.6%). The mean duration to achieve hemostasis was 1.39 ± 0.80 days, with 77,6% of patients achieving bleeding control within the first day. No postoperative complications were recorded (100,0%). The average hospital stay was 8,73 ± 3,88 days. Among them, 4,1% of patients were hospitalized for ≤ 3 days, 37,8% for 4 –7 days, and 58,2% for ≥ 8 days. Conclusion: Epistaxis is a common condition with diverse and often unclear causes. Combined local and systemic management improves outcomes, though recurrent cases require close monitoring for timely intervention.
Keywords: Epistaxis, Otolaryngology, treatment, bleeding site, recurrence, Thai Nguyen.
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References
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