CĂN NGUYÊN VI KHUẨN, KHÁNG SINH ĐỒ VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM TAI GIỮA CẤP MỦ Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN SẢN NHI NGHỆ AN

Abstract

Objective: To describe the bacterial etiology, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and treatment outcomes of acute suppurative otitis media in children at Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital in 2025. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive case series study. Results: Children under 6 years of age accounted for the highest proportion (80.8%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.17:1. The most common causative pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus (32.7%), followed by Haemophilus influenzae (30.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.3%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9.6%). Regarding antibiotic susceptibility: S. pneumoniae remained sensitive to vancomycin and quinolones but showed high resistance to β-lactams. H. influenzae remained highly susceptible to quinolones but was highly resistant to cephalosporins. S. aureus was resistant to most β-lactams and oxacillin, yet sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. P. aeruginosa remained sensitive to several antibiotics. Treatment outcomes showed that 82.7% of patients were cured, 17.3% improved, and none worsened. The average treatment duration was 7.8 ± 2.2 days (ranging from 3 to 13 days). Reported complications included diffuse otitis externa (25.0%), mastoiditis (7.7%), and hearing loss (1.9%). Conclusion: The most common bacterial pathogens causing acute otitis media were S. aureus, H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, and S. pneumoniae. High resistance was observed to β-lactam (penicillin and cephalosporin) and macrolide antibiotics, while quinolones and vancomycin maintained good sensitivity. Treatment outcomes were generally favorable. The most frequent complication was diffuse otitis externa.